4ª Etapa .ULTIMAS NOTICIAS. PESO. Pyramiden, ciudad fantasma.
Svalbard 2009
ULTIMA HORA. PESO.
4 Abril 2009
Unos segundos de comunicación con ellos.Han llamado a las 14.45h de hoy 4 Abril.
Como sabéis están intentando hacer el viaje sin depósitos. Para eso deben cargar con todo y todo significa mucho. Van al limite de lo imprescindible. Por ejemplo,no recibimos fotos porque no llevan material informático que signifique peso ,etc (fotos y videos las tendremos al regreso).
Han hecho dos etapas en condiciones pésimas de tiempo, avanzando muy poco debido la fuerza del viento y al el peso de las pulkas. Ayer , según dicen, el tiempo fue "terrible", y eso que tanto Hilo como Jose son ,por naturaleza, optimistas.
Hoy se plantean dejar parte de la comida y del combustible. Si eso es asÍ deberán planterarse también la ruta. O dejan comida y combustible para poder subir al glaciar o buscan un camino alternativo por el mar congelado. En estos momentos están en la abandonada cabaña de tramperos Polheim, (unos datos de estas cabañas más abajo) valorando la situación para tomar la decisión.
Ayer, fortísima ventisca y nula visibilidad. Por la noche saltó la cerca anti-osos pero por la nula visibilidad no llegaron a ver qué lo provocó.
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Notas sobre las cabañas de tramperos.
En Svalbard todavían quedan algunas de estas cabañas de tramperos, recuerdo de un pasado no tan remoto de cazadores de ballenas , osos polares, focas y zorros árticos, en busca de sus preciadas pieles. Hoy , ya abandonadas, en ruinas muchas, de paredes tambaleantes sirven de cobijo y refugio a aventureros como Hilo y José que cambian por unas horas la tienda por viejos tablones de madera y trozos de chapa.
Desde XVII muchos paises se disputaronn las riquezas naturales de Svalbard, que llegó a estar “desprotegida” ante tanta ambición. De hecho, en zonas como Jan Mayen, se extinguió el zorro ártico por la caza indiscriminada y descontrolada de cazadores noruegos. Hoy la caza, teóricamente, está controlada y regulada.. A quien pertenece hoy Svalbard?
Desde su descubrimiento “oficial” en 1596 por el holandés Willem Barents, durante los siglos XVII-XVIII estas islas fueron objeto de campañas balleneras por parte de ingleses, holandeses, daneses, noruegos y también españoles. Años después , empresas suecas, rusas ,inglesas , americanas, alemanas y noruegas comenzaron la explotación de las minas de carbón.
El 9 Febrero 1920 , el Tratado de Svalbard reconocía la soberanía noruega de estos territorios, de los que tomó posesión en 1925.
Desde dicho tratado, el archipiélago de Svalbard es territorio de ultramar del Reino de Noruega pero no por ello se aplican todas las leyes noruegas . El tratado desmilitariza parcialmente Svalbard y todos los paises firmantes (11 paises entonces) mantenían los mismos derechos de explotación comercial de las minas. Desde entonces se fueron sumando países y hoy son ya 40 los firmantes, aunque de la explotación de las minas se encargan principalmente Rusia y Noruega.
Hoy el 60 por ciento de la población es noruega y el resto son rusos, aunque en el pasado la comunidad rusa llegó a superar a la noruega, habiendo dos importantes asentamientos soviéticos Barentsburg y Pyramiden (este último ya abandonado)Ver videos
Gloria. <!-- Video -->
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